27th Infantry on the march to the Battle of Bayan, May 2, 1902 - National Archives

Articles

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1. A World in Flux: Before the War with Spain – 1898

    1898 was one of the major turning points in U.S. History, all because of a very short, small war ninety miles off the coast of Florida over Cuba. Before 1898 the nation, although among the largest,  strongest, and fastest growing economies in the world, was not considered a world power. By 1899, it easily ranked as such.

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2. McKinley’s Ghost

    Supplement to Chapter 1 - "they are like a matchbox": How did the United States end up "owning" the Philippines in the first place? And when, where, and why did American foreign policy move from George Washington's admonition to "avoid foreign entanglements", to bettering the world through the active spread of our cherished values and form of government, even if required by force of arms?

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3. Theodore Roosevelt: First Governor General of the Philippines

    Supplement to Chapter 6 - The Engineer: Few people are aware that in 1900 Theodore Roosevelt, destined to become President the following year after McKinley's assassination, made an all-out political effort to become the first Governor General of the Philippines rather than accepting an almost assured nomination for the Vice Presidency. Had he succeeded, U.S. history might have taken a far different path.

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4. The Legend of the Colt 45 Semi-Automatic Pistol and the Moros

    Anyone who served in the U.S. military from just before World War I until the mid-1980's probably heard the tale that the famed official sidearm for nearly seventy-five years had been inspired by the "fanatical" charges and ability of the Moros to "eat" bullet after bullet. Was it true, false, or just exaggerated?

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5. "The Malanao Moros", by 1st Lt. George T. Bowman, 15th Cavalry, 1903 and

     "A Trip Around Lake Lanao", by Frank P. Heliu, 1903

    Supplement to Chapter 8 - The Lake Lanao Campaigns: 1st Lt. Bowman, Capt. John J. Pershing's Adjutant, describes his superior's approach to dealing with the Maranaos of Lake Lanao. Frank P. Heliu, a recently released U.S. Navy Ensign who accompanied Pershing during the last of his Lake Lanao campaigns, tells of his similar experiences in an article written for Charles Scribner & Sons.

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6. George Ade's Comic Opera: The Sultan of Sulu - 1902

    Supplement to Chapter 9: A madcap, irreverent musical parody made wicked fun of the nation's fumbling attempts to impose its government, way of life, and, unintentionally a few of its sins, on its new and completely befuddled Muslim subjects. More than just a box office success, it helped introduce Moroland into the American consciousness.

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7. Table of organization for the U.S. Army during the Moro Campaigns

    How the U.S. Army was organized in 1900, during the time of the Moro Campaigns.

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